ABSTRACT
According to the WHO data, the pneumococcal infection (PI) is recognized as one of the most dangerous of all vaccine-preventable diseases due to its high mortality rates. The purpose of the study was to analyze the incidence of acute diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract in children depending on the presence and frequency of vaccinations against PI with PREVNAR 13 vaccine during the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and methods of the research: a retrospective analysis of the child development histories (Form 112/u <<Child Development History>>) of 92 children (45 boys, 47 girls) aged 3.1 [2.2;3.5] years old observed in the Treatment-and-Prophylactic Department 1 with the Saratov City Children's Polyclinic 8 (Saratov, Russia) in May 2020 - Dec. 2021. A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. Inclusion criteria were the absence of chronic pathology, developmental anomalies, background conditions and congenital immunodeficiency conditions. The authors analyzed the volume of cases with acute diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract considering the most typical and the most frequent ones in children, such as: nasopharyngitis, tonsillopharyngitis, adenoiditis, acute bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. Result(s): it was found that in children vaccinated against PI the decrease in the incidence of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract was recorded compared to unvaccinated children, and the maximum effectiveness of vaccination is achieved with a full vaccination course (the two consecutive vaccinations followed by a single revaccination (V1, V2, and RV). Conclusion(s): 1) in children who received a full course of vaccination against PI, nasopharyngitis was statistically significantly less common (3.55 cases per 1 child per year) than in children who did not receive a full course of vaccination (6.64 cases per 1 child per year) (p<0.001);adenoiditis (no cases were registered vs. 0.86 cases per 1 child per year, p<0.001);tonsillopharyngitis (0.4 cases per 1 child per year vs. 1.89 cases per 1 child per year, p<0.001), no cases of community-acquired pneumonia were detected vs. 0.22 cases per 1 child per year in children who did not receive a full course of vaccination. 2) among children vaccinated twice with the PREVNAR 13 vaccine compared to the children not vaccinated against PI there was a statistically significantly lower number of cases of adenoiditis i.e., 0.74 vs. 0.86 cases per 1 child per year, p<0.001;tonsillopharyngitis (0.6 vs. 1.89 cases per child per year, p<0.001). 3) among children who received a single shot of vaccination against PI compared to unvaccinated children there was a statistically significantly lower number of cases of nasopharyngitis (5.28 vs. 6.64 cases per 1 child per year, p<0.001). Copyright © 2022 E.V. Mikhailova et al.
ABSTRACT
The article examines the dynamics of cross-border tourism and developments in the tourism industry in the Russian-Chinese borderland after 2014. Using Blagoveshchensk and Heihe and Khabarovsk and Fuyuan as case studies, the article shows that due to the change in tourist flow structure after the 2014-ruble depreciation, Russian and Chinese border cities have customized their service industry to accommodate Chinese tourists. Mapping of the service sector openness of border cities conducted based on fieldwork data and media materials demonstrates that central districts of border towns concentrate the majority of businesses catering to clients from the neighboring state. This conclusion confirms the role of central districts of border towns as thermometers of cross-border dynamics as they react first to fluctuations in exchange rates and tourist flows. The article provides an overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cross-border flows and the tourism industry in the Russian-Chinese borderland and concludes that the earlier reorientation towards domestic tourists allowed Heihe and Fuyuan to be better prepared for a new external shock. The tourism industry in Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk, on the contrary, suffered significant losses and found itself in a situation of high uncertainty, where it is hardly possible to predict when Chinese tourists will return. © 2021 The authors.
ABSTRACT
Generally, COVID-19 is milder in children than in adults. But already in May 2020, information about a multisystem inflammatory disease that affects children and adolescents began to arrive from around the world. The pathogenesis and pathological picture of COVID-19 are characterized by the development of thrombus inflammation, generalized microangiopathy in the form of destructive-proliferative viral vasculitis and coagulopathy with secondary damage to the skin, internal organs, central nervous system, hemophagocytosis. This paper presents the observation of ten patients aged from 6 months to 14 years treated at the Children's Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in Yakutsk from September 2020 to March 2021 with a diagnosis of U07.2 - Coronavirus infection caused by.OVID- 19, no virus identified, M30.3 Kawasaki-like syndrome. The presence of prolonged fever, damage to two and whiter systems of the body, laboratory markers of inflammation without obvious foci of an acute infectious process was the criteria for making a diagnosis. Also, a prerequisite for establishing a diagnosis was the presence of contact with patients with COVID-19 or antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. There were no patients with complicated cases that required intensive care among the observed patients, but there were severe cardiac lesions in some children. All our patients were of Yakut nationality. In contrast to the available literature data, we did not observe a significant violation of the blood coagulation system;in some patients, thrombocytosis was prominent. We observed a subarachnoid haemorrhage in one patient.
ABSTRACT
The article examines cross-border tourism and changes in the tourism industry that occurred at the Russian–Chinese borderland since 2014. Using two city pairs—Blagoveshchensk/Heihe and Khabarovsk/Fuyuan—as case studies, the article reveals that owing to the altered structure of tourist flows after the 2014 devaluation of the ruble, Russian and Chinese border cities have customized their services for Chinese tourists. Fieldwork data and data collected from the media analysis allowed mapping the service sector openness of border cities and demonstrating that central districts of border cities concentrate the majority of businesses catering to clients from the neighboring state. This finding confirms the role of central districts of border cities as thermometers of cross-border dynamics as they react first to fluctuations in exchange rates and tourist flows. Based on an assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cross-border flows and the tourism industry at the Russian–Chinese borderland, it was concluded that an earlier reorientation towards domestic tourists (after 2014) allowed Heihe and Fuyuan to be more prepared for the next external shock. The tourism industry in Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk suffered significant losses and found itself in a situation of high uncertainty, in which it was impossible to predict the timing of resumed arrivals of Chinese tourists.
ABSTRACT
Pneumonias in patients with hempblastoses, arising during treatment in setting of myelotoxic agranulocytosis, are life-threatening complications, which press complex approach for diagnosis and treatment. In condition of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemia, differential diagnosis of pneumonia with “ground glass” lung changes is a hot issue. In the current paper we present world data on clinical, laboratory and X-ray diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) pneumonia in children. Special attention is paid to X-ray features depending of child age. It is provided two clinical examples, demonstrating a necessity of complex microbiological, immunological, molecular and X-ray diagnosis for detection of lung change genesis in oncohematologic patients. © 2020, Graphica Ltd. All rights reserved.